on Intellectual Property &
Information Society
Links Section
Sociedad de la Información
Sociedad de la Información.
Internet
Sociedad de la Información. Internet.
Organizaciones e Instituciones de Ambito Universal
Global Information Infrastructure Commission (GIIC) (English)http://www.giic.org
A confederation of chief executive officers of firms that develop and deploy, operate, rely upon, and finance information and communications technology infrastructure facilities.
Information Society (ISOC) (English)
http://www.isoc.org
ISOC is an private international non-profit organization for global coordination and cooperation on the Internet, promoting and maintaining a broad spectrum of activities focused on Internet development, availability, and technologies. Legislation and useful legal links provided in the section "All about the Internet."
Internet Architecture Board (IAB) (English)
http://www.iab.org
Web site of the IAB, a committee of the IETF. Its responsibilities include architectural oversight of IETF activities, Internet Standards Process oversight, and the management of the publication of the RFC Series and the management of the IETF protocol parameter registry, operated by the IANA.
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) (English)
http://www.iana.org
NA is an organization dedicated to preserving the coordinating functions of the global Internet.
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (English)
http://www.ietf.org
Web site of IETF, a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of Internet architecture.
Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) (English)
http://www.irtf.org
Web site of IRTF, organization dedicated to researching of importance to the evolution of the future Internet by creating small Research Groups working on topics related to Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology.
World Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA) (English)
http://www.witsa.org
A consortium of 50 information technology (IT) industry associations from around the world.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet.
Información de Ambito Europeo
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo.
Unión Europea
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
General
Network Coordination Centre (English)http://www.ripe.net
The Réseaux IP Européens / RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC) is one of four Regional Internet Registries that exist in the world, providing allocation and registration services that support the operation of the Internet globally. The RIPE NCC performs activities primarily for the benefit of its members in Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and African countries north of the equator. Its services include the allocation of Internet (IP) address space, autonomous system numbers and the management of reverse domain name space. The RIPE NCC currently supports approximately 3200 Local Internet Registries that collectively form the RIPE NCC membership. Membership is open to anyone using the RIPE NCC services, primarily made up of Internet Services Providers (ISPs), telecommunication organisations and large corporations.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
Estados Miembros
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Bélgica
University of Namur (Belgium), Faculty of Law, Research Center for Computer and Law (CRID) (French)http://www.fundp.ac.be/facultes/droit/recherche/centres/crid
CRID is a Research Center whose main research topics are the following: Electronic Commerce, Contracts, Copyrights, Expert systems, Telecoms, Privacy, and Self-regulation.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
España
Association of Web Surfers (Spanish)http://www.internautas.org
Web site of the Asociación de Internautas (Association of Web Surfers), a users' forum of the Net where users express their opinions about any topic related to Information Society and Internet.
Bufet Almeida (Bufete Jurídico Español Particular) (Spanish)
http://www.bufetalmeida.com
Private law office whose two principal areas of activity are civil liability and the advising and defence of companies, initiatives and individuals related to Internet and new technologies. Interesting section on legislation and caselaw.
Legal Web Portal for Internet Domain Names (Spanish)
http://www.dominiuris.com
Legal Web Portal of domain names on the Internet, where there is a wide range of information related to domain names and the legal world.
Ministry of Industrial, Tourism and Commerce (Spanish, English)
Web site of the Department of Industrial, Tourism and Commerce, entrusted department of policy related to industrial innovation and development, commerce, small and medium enterprise, energy and mining, tourism, telecommunications, audiovisuals media and development of information society.
OVSI Foundation (Valencia Information Society Office) (Spanish)
http://www.ovsi.com
Web site of the Valencia Information Society Office, whose principal aim is to attain for the Valencian Community the advantages and benefits proceeding from Information Society.
Red.es (Spanish)
http://www.red.es
Red.es is a Public Commercial Entity whose main functions are to contribute the development of telecommunications and the information society in Spain, management of the registry of domain names on the Internet (.ES), and advice to the general administration of the government in the area of the Telecommunications and Information Society.
RedIRIS (Spanish R&D Network) (Spanish, English)
http://www.rediris.es
RedIRIS is an web for academic and national research managed by the Superior Council of Scientific Research of the Spanish government and supported by the National R&D Plan specialized in communications technologies.
Registry of Domain Names in Spain (ESNIC) (Spanish, English, French)
http://www.nic.es
ESNIC is the organization in charge of the Registry of Domain Names for Spain (.ES).
Spanish Association of Information Technology Companies (SEDISI) (Spanish)
http://www.sedisi.es
SEDISI is a non-profit organization that acts as representative in Spain of the private companies in the Information Technologies sector.
Spanish Association of Internet Users (Spanish)
http://www.aui.es
Web site of the "Asociación Española de Usuarios de Internet" (Spanish Association of Internet Users), a forum of discussion where topics of interest related to Internet are debated.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Francia
Legalis.net (French)http://www.legalis.net
French Jurisprudence regarding copyright, illicit and harmful content on the Internet, and Electronic Commerce, and useful Model Contracts related to Internet.
Site of the Action Program of the French Government on Information Society (French)
http://www.internet.gouv.fr
Extensive information on Information Society worldwide in general, and especially with regard to France and French government activities.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Eslovenia
Slovenian Ministry of Information Society (English, Esloveno)http://www2.gov.si/mid/mideng.nsf
Description of the activities of the Ministry.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet.
Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe.
General
Digital Society (Spanish, Portuguese)http://www.sociedaddigital.org
Web site of the Sociedad Digital (Digital Society), an NGO whose purpose is research on Information Society and its political, economic, commercial, social, cultural and educational effects.
Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry (LACNIC) (English)
http://www.lacnic.net
LACNIC oversees IP addresses and Autonomous System numbers (ASN), and resolutions regarding reservations for the Latin American and Caribbean region.
Latin American and Caribben Federation for the Internet and E-commerce (Spanish, English, Portuguese)
http://www.ecom-lac.org
A private group that takes interest in issues involving the Internet and e-Commerce. It has news and general information.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe.
Los Estados
Chilean Centre for Internet Information (Spanish)http://www.nic.cl
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".cl".
Costa Rican Centre for Internet Information (Spanish, English)
http://www.nic.cr
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".cr".
Cuban Centre for Internet Information (Spanish)
http://www.nic.cu/
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".cu".
Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre for .GT (Spanish)
http://www.gt
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".gt".
Dominican Centre for Internet Information (Spanish, English)
http://www.nic.do
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".do".
Ecuadorian Centre for Internet Information (Spanish, English)
http://www.nic.ec/home.htm
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".ec".
Honduran Centre for Internet Information (Spanish)
http://www.nic.hn
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".hn".
Nicaraguan Centre for Internet Information (Spanish, English)
http://www.nic.ni
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".ni".
Panamanian Centre for Internet Information (Spanish, English)
http://www.nic.pa
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".pa".
Uruguayan Centre for Internet Information (Spanish, English)
http://www.nic.com.uy
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".uy".
Venezuelan Centre for Internet Information (Spanish)
http://www.nic.ve
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".ve".
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Argentina
Center of Information Technology Research of Argentina (CENIT) (Spanish)http://www.it-cenit.org.ar
The goal of CENIT is to promote the entry of Argentina into the Information Age, educate professionals and suitable leaders form to confront this new challenge, and promote the investigation of topics related to the impact of information technology in the areas of the Law, Economy and the Business, the Mass media and the Education.
Nacional Communications Comisión of Argentina (CNC) (Spanish)
http://www.cnc.gov.ar
The principal aims of the CNC are the following: first, to exercise police power over telecommunications and postal services; second, assist the Secretariat of Communications in the updating and drafting of the Fundamental Technical Telecommunications Plans and in the promulgation of general regulations; and third, assist the Secretariat of Communications in its national representation before international entities.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Brasil
Internet Managing Committee of Brazil (Portuguese)http://www.cg.org.br
The main goals of this Committee are: a) To foment the development of Internet service in Brazil; b) To recommend patterns or technical procedures for Internet in Brazil; c) To coordinate the attribution and registry of domain names; and d) To organize and disseminate information about Internet services.
Brazilian Franchise Association (Portuguese)
http://www.abf.com.br
A private association that supports and assists in the distribution and marketing of products and services through franchises. Contains an interesting Guide to Franchises that allows searches by sectors and also a section on related legislation.
Communications Ministry of Brazil (Portuguese)
http://www.mc.gov.br
Ministry of Science and Technology of Brazil (Portuguese)
http://www.mct.gov.br
The area of competence of this Ministry encompasses scientific and technological assets and their development, policies of cooperation and interchange relating to these assets, the definition of national policy on Science and Technology, the coordination of sector policies, and the policies of development and application of new technologies. There is a section on legislation.
Nacional Telecommunications Agency of Brazil (Portuguese)
http://www.anatel.gov.br/Portal/exibirPortalInternet.do
Web site with free access to citizens for consultations of a general nature on the Telecommunications sector.
Registry of Domain Names for Brazil (Portuguese)
http://www.registro.br
Web site that allows the record of domain names for the Internet in Brazil (.br).
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Colombia
Comission on Telecommunications Regulation of the Republic of Colombia (Spanish)http://www.crt.gov.co
Regulatory entity of the telecommunications market in Colombia. It promotes the development of the Sector as well as the efficient supply of the telecom services to all users, through the promotion of competition, investment in the sector and international integration.
Communications Ministry of the Republic of Colombia (Spanish)
http://www.mincomunicaciones.gov.co
Offers extensive legislation, jurisprudence and current Telecommunications news.
Superintendency of Industry and Commerce of the Republic of Colombia (Spanish)
http://www.sic.gov.co
Extensive information about governmental and regulatory aspects of industrial and intellectual property in Colombia. Extensive section on legal rules and doctrine. Legal bulletin. Patent bank (database), as well as databases on trademark, slogans, and trade names. Many other related features of industrial property and information society, including Consumer Protection, Competence Promotion, and Commerce Chamber Vigilance.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Mexico
Federal Telecommunications Commission of Mexico (COFETEL) (Spanish)http://www.cft.gob.mx
A general site with the goal of informing and orienting users, consumers, industry and interested parties regarding telecommunications services in the country, the functions and main legislative activities as well as the aims, successes and challenges which Mexico faces in this area.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Panamá
Nacional Secretariat of Science, Technology, and Investigation of Panama (Spanish)http://www.senacyt.gob.pa
The Website offers information on legislation, jurisprudence and news.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Perú
Peruvian Centre for Internet Information (Spanish, English)http://www.nic.pe
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".pe".
Telecommunications of Peru (Spanish)
http://www.osiptel.gob.pe
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
El Salvador
Telecommunications of El Salvador (Spanish)http://www.siget.gob.sv
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Chile
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Costa Rica
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Cuba
Cuban Centre for Internet Information (Spanish)http://www.nic.cu
Entity in charge of assigning domain names ".cu".
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Ecuador
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Guatemala
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Honduras
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Nicaragua
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
República Dominicana
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Uruguay
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe. Los Estados.
Venezuela
Sociedad de la Información. Internet.
Ambito de Norteamérica
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Ambito de Norteamérica.
Los Estados
Privacy Rights Clearinghouse (PRC) (Spanish, English)http://www.privacyrights.org/index.htm
The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse (PRC) is a non-profit consumer organization that informs and advocates for consumers' privacy rights in the fields of Energy, Telecommunications and Internet. Respond to consumers about how to protect their privacy.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet. Ambito de Norteamérica. Los Estados.
EEUU
American Registry Internet Numbers (ARIN) (English)http://www.arin.net
Web site of ARIN, a non-profit organization that allocates Internet Protocol resources, develops its policy in this area, and facilitates the advancement of the Internet.
Center for Democracy and Technology (English)
http://www.cdt.org/
The Center promotes democratic values and constitutional liberties in the digital age through practical solutions to enhance free expression and privacy in global communications technologies. It is supported by, among others, the World Bank and various multinational companies with involvement in this sector. It offers a useful section on pending legislation in the U.S. Congress affecting the Internet and Information Society.
Federal Communications Commission of the USA (FCC) (English)
http://www.fcc.gov
Web site of FCC, an independent United States government agency whose main objective is the regulation of the interstate and international communications by radio, television, satellite and cable.
Internet Corporation for the Assignment of Names and Numbers (ICANN) (English)
http://www.icann.org
A technical coordination body for the Internet dedicated to the following: preserving its operational stability; promoting competition; achieving broad representation of global Internet communities; developing policy through the private-sector; and coordinating the assignment of the following identifiers that must be globally unique for the Internet to function: Internet domain names, IP address numbers and Protocol parameter and port numbers.
National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) (English)
http://www.ntia.doc.gov
Web site of the NTIA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce that is the main voice of the Executive Branch on domestic and international telecommunications and information technology issues.
North American Network Operators Group (NANOG) (English)
http://www.nanog.org
Web site of NANOG, an educational and operational forum for the coordination and dissemination of technical information related to enterprises networking technologies.
The UCLA University (USA) Online Institute for Cyberspace Law (English)
http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/iclp/hp.html
An interesting collection of legislation, caselaw, and academic articles on cyberspace law in the USA.
Sociedad de la Información. Internet.
Resto del Mundo
Africa Network Operators Group (AFNOG) (English)http://www.afnog.org
African Regional Internet Registry (AfriNIC) (English, French, Arabic)
http://www.afrinic.org
Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC) (English)
http://www.apnic.net
Asia Pacific Networking Group (APNG) (English)
http://www.apng.org
China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) (English, Chinese)
http://www.cnnic.net.cn/en/index/index.htm
Department of Communications, Information Technology and Arts of Australia (English)
http://www.dcita.gov.au
Website that offers a lot a good deal on legislation, jurisprudence and news.
Indonesian Internet Service provider Association (APJII) (English, Indonesian )
http://www.apjii.or.id
Japan Network Information Center (JPNIC) (English, Japanese)
http://www.nic.ad.jp
Korea Network Information Center (KRNIC) (English, Coreano)
http://www.nic.or.kr
Pacific Internet Association (APIA) (English)
http://www.apia.org
Asia & Pacific Internet Association (APIA), established in 1997, is a non-profit trade association whose aim is to promote the common business interests of the Internet-related service industry in the Asia Pacific region.
Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC) (English, Chinese)
http://www.twnic.net
Vietnam Internet Network Information Center (VNNIC) (English, Vietnames)
http://www.vnnic.net.vn
Sociedad de la Información.
Comercio Electrónico
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico.
Información de Ambito Europeo
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito Europeo.
Unión Europea
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
General
European Advertising Standard Alliance (EASA) (English, French)http://www.easa-alliance.org
The EASA is a non-profit organization that brings together national advertising self-regulatory organizations and organizations representing the advertising industry in Europe. EASA´s activities include: promotion of self-regulation; support of existing self-regulatory systems; management of cross-border complaint mechanisms; and research on advertising self-regulation.
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
Estados Miembros
UK Trade & Investment (Spanish, English, French, German, Chinese, Japanese, Coreano, Dutch, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish)http://www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk
Website of government organisation which provides information on International Trade for businesses based in the UK who wish to export their products worldwide and for international companies who are looking to locate in the UK.
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Bélgica
EUROCOMMERCE (English, French, German)http://www.eurocommerce.be
EUROCOMMERCE is a private trade representation to the European Union institutions. It defends the common interests of its members at the EU level and keeps its members informed on European dossiers that impact their activities in electronic commerce.
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
España
Federation of E-Commerce and Direct Marketing (FECEMD) (Spanish)http://www.fecemd.org
FECEMD is a non-profit federation of 7 Associations connected with e-commerce and direct marketing. The Federation works for the promotion of these sectors and provides its services to companies in the following areas: E-Commerce, direct marketing, relational marketing, interactive marketing, tele-marketing, direct publicity and databases, and distance marketing.
Spanish Association of E-Commerce (AECE) (Spanish)
http://www.aecem.org/
The AECE is made up of all Spanish companies that try to unify their efforts with the purpose of achieving more secure electronic commerce. Its principal aims are to foment electronic commerce in Spain and defend the interests of the Spanish companies in the area of electronic commerce.
Spanish Association of Technological Arbitration (ARBITEC) (Spanish)
http://www.onnet.es/arbitec/
ARBITEC is an organization that since 1995 has offered an effective alternative for the resolution of disputes related to products or services related to information technologies. ARBITEC accepts applications for arbitration via the Internet, using the Internet in all the phases of the arbitral proceeding except in the formal issuance of the arbitral award.
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Irlanda
Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources (English)http://www.dcmnr.gov.ie/
The Department of Communications, Marine and Natural Resources has responsibility for the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors.
Electronic Consumer Dispute Resolution (ECODIR) (English, French)
http://www.ecodir.org
ECODIR manages and resolves consumer complaints and disputes on line.
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Luxemburgo
Cyberbanking & Law (Luxembourg) (English)http://www.cyberbanking-law.lu
Site dedicated to Electronic Banking on the Internet and its legal implications. Its purpose is to show, through examples on the Net, how electronic banking works and to explain the legal framework.
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico.
Información de Ambito de Norteamérica
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito de Norteamérica.
Los Estados
Sociedad de la Información. Comercio Electrónico. Información de Ambito de Norteamérica. Los Estados.
EEUU
Foreign Trade Information System of the OAS (SICE) (Spanish, English, French, Portuguese)http://www.sice.org
SICE is the technical arm of the Trade Unit of the Organization of American States, which provides the most complete information with respect to trade in the Americas. Has a section on e-commerce.
The Electronic Payment Association (NACHA) (English)
http://www.nacha.org
NACHA is an organization dedicated to improving the payments system. Its main functions are: Rule-making for the ACH Network and other payments systems; facilitating the development of new payment applications; identification and implementation of risk management initiatives; providing and supporting education programs; instituting and monitoring quality controls in the payments system; improving member communications/relations; responding to regulatory and government relations issues; and marketing electronic payment services.
Sociedad de la Información.
Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal.
Información de Ambito Europeo
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo.
Unión Europea
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
Estados Miembros
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Alemania
Federal Data Protection Commissioner (German)http://www.bfd.bund.de
Web site of the Federal Data Protection Commissioner in Germany, an independent organization that ensures the Data Protection Act is implemented. If the Commissioner discovers infringements of the law in the processing of personal data, he can submit a complaint to the competent authority.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Austria
Austrian Data Protection (English, German)http://www.bka.gv.at
Explains how to obtain information about data in the Schengen Information System, where to find legal texts in English, how to notify a use of data according to the law, and where to search for links relevant to data protection and privacy.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Bélgica
Law and New Technologies (French)http://www.droit-technologie.org
Web site that offers interesting information on law of new technologies, intellectual property law, copyright and personal data protection.
Private Life Protection Commission (French)
http://www.privacy.fgov.be
Web site of the Commission de la protection de la vie privée of Belgium, whose principal purpose is to oversee the enforcement and application of legislation on personal data protection.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Dinamarca
Danish Data Protection Agency Borgergade (DATATILSYNET) (English, Danish)http://www.datatilsynet.dk
Web site of the Danish Data Protection Agency that oversees processing of data under the law. This organization mainly deals with specific cases on the basis of inquiries from public authorities or private individuals located inside or outside the country.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
España
Computer Crimes (Spanish)http://www.delitosinformaticos.com
Web site that offers legal information about New Technologies. It has a service (not free) of legal consultations on its web page.
DatumLex (Spanish)
http://www.datumlex.com
Web site that offers interesting information about privacy and personal data protection: articles, news and some legislation from the Spanish speaking world and the European Union.
Prodat (Spanish)
http://www.prodat.es
Web site of Prodat, a Spanish organization specializing in Consultancy, Audit and Outsourcing services in the area of the Personal Data Protection Law.
Spanish Agency for Data Protection (Spanish)
http://www.agpd.es
Oversees the fulfilment of legislation on data protection and controls its application, especially with respect to the rights of information, access, opposition, rectification and cancellation of data.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Finlandia
Data Protection in Finland (English, Finnish)http://www.tietosuoja.fi
Web site of the Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman in Finland which principal purpose is to oversee the enforcement of data protection legislation.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Francia
Internet Law (French)http://www.internet-juridique.net
Web site dedicated to the legal aspects of the information technologies, which offers French jurisprudence and articles about Internet and Law.
IRIS (French)
http://www.iris.sgdg.org/
Web site of IRIS, an organization that seeks to intervene in the development of the Internet on the basis of criteria of equality and solidarity.
Juriscom (French)
http://www.juriscom.net
Web site of Juriscom.net, a legal journal specializing in the law of information technologies. It publishes regular contributions (articles, memoires, etc.) of professionals on this subject.
National Commission on Computing and Freedom (Spanish, French)
http://www.cnil.fr
Web site of the CNIL whose essential mission is to protect privacy and the individual and public freedoms in France.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Grecia
Hellenic Data Protection Authority (English, Greek )http://www.dpa.gr
Web site of the Hellenic Data Protection Authority whose objective is that every citizen be in a position to know at every moment by whom, where, when, how and why their personal data is being processed. Legislation.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Holanda
Dutch Data Protection Authority (English, Dutch)http://www.cbpweb.nl
The Authority is an independent institution that checks that personal data are used carefully and are protected and that citizen privacy continues to be sufficiently guaranteed, both now and in the future.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Irlanda
Data Protection Commissioner, Ireland (English)http://www.dataprivacy.ie
The Commissioner´s mission is to ensure respect for privacy rights, and enforce the obligations set out in the Irish Data Protection Act.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Italia
Guarantor of Protection of Personal Data (English, Italian)http://www.garanteprivacy.it
The principal purpose of the Guarantor is to oversee the enforcement and application of legislation on data protection.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Luxemburgo
eLuxembourg (French)http://www.eluxembourg.lu
Web site that offers information on Information Society, including Luxembourg and EU community legislation on personal data protection.
National Data Protecion Commission (French, German)
http://www.cnpd.lu
Official site of the Commission. Among other resources, it offers relevant legislation.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Portugal
CNPD (Portuguese)http://www.cnpd.pt
The CNPD is an administrative entity that oversees the process of handling personal information data, ensuring that such process respects the rights, freedoms and guarantees provided in the Constitution of Portugal and in the Portuguese Data Protection Law.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Reino Unido
Information Commissioner's Office (English)http://www.ico.gov.uk/
Government organisation who promote good information handling practice and enforce compliance with data protection and freedom of legislation.
United Kingdom Agency for Data Protection (English)
http://www.dataprotection.gov.uk
Web site of the U.K. agency that promotes good information handling practices and codes of practice for those who oversee personal data processing.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Suecia
Swedish Data Inspection Board (Datainspektionen) (English, Swedish)http://www.datainspektionen.se
The Swedish Data Inspection Board is a public authority whose task is to protect privacy in the Information Society without unnecessarily preventing or complicating the use of new technology.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
Ampliación de la Unión Europea
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Ampliación de la Unión Europea.
Estonia
Estonian Data Protection Inspectorate (English)http://www.dp.gov.ee
The Inspectorate´s most important functions are the improvement of legislation, the consultation and education of officials and the efficient supervision of personal data protection.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Ampliación de la Unión Europea.
Hungría
Parliamentary Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (English, Hungarian)http://www.obh.hu
The principal purpose of the Commissioner is to oversee the fulfilment of legislation on data protection and to ensure the freedom of information.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Ampliación de la Unión Europea.
Polonia
Inspector General for the Protection of Personal Data (GIODO) (English, Polish)http://www.giodo.gov.pl
The main objective of the Inspector is to guarantee the protection of personal data.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Ampliación de la Unión Europea.
República Checa
Office for Personal Data Protection (English, Czech)http://www.uoou.cz
The Office for Personal Data Protection is an independent agency, which supervises the observance of legally mandated responsibilities under Czech law in the processing of personal data, maintains a register of instances of permitted personal data processing, deals with notifications and grievances from citizens concerning infringements of the law and provides consultations in the area of personal data protection.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito Europeo.
EFTA (Asociación de Libre Comercio de Europa)
Data Inspector (Datatilsynet) (English, Norwegian)http://www.datatilsynet.no
The Data Inspector is an independent administrative body whose main objective is the protection of persons from a violation of their right to privacy in the processing of personal data.
Swiss Federal Data Protection Commissioner (English, French, German, Italian)
The Commissioner plays a consultive role in the private sector. He explains and comments on the legal provisions regarding data protection, offers his advice for the registration of data files, and resolves requests regarding access rights. Areas of activity include video and internet surveillance, e-government, e-commerce, transborder data flows, health, and security.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal.
Información de Ambito de Norte América
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito de Norte América.
Los Estados
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito de Norte América. Los Estados.
EEUU
BBBOnLine, Inc. (English)http://us.bbb.org/WWWRoot/SitePage.aspx?site=113&id=e9778b88-55e0-40b5-9145-583edb1e8e82
BBBOnline is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the U.S. Council of Better Business Bureaus, Inc., a private organization dedicated to consumer protection. BBBOnline promotes trust and confidence in the internet through a business certification program. Companies that follow truth-in-advertising guidelines and follow good customer service practices are certified by BBBOnline.
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) (English)
The EFF is an organization working to protect fundamental rights regardless of technology, to educate the press and the general public about civil liberties issues related to technology and the Internet, and to act as a defender of those liberties. News and articles with commentaries.
Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) (English)
http://www.epic.org
EPIC is a public interest research center in Washington, D.C. established in 1994 to focus public attention on emerging civil liberties issues and to protect privacy, the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution regarding freedom of expression, and constitutional values. It has no clients, no customers, and no shareholders.
Federal Trade Commission (Spanish, English)
http://www.ftc.gov
The Federal Trade Commission is a U.S. government whose purpose is to protect consumers and prevent fraud, deception and unfair business practices, including on the internet.
Internet Law & Policy Forum (ILPF) (English)
http://www.ilpf.org
The ILPF is a non-profit business association that was formed in 1995 by leading American companies. The organization focuses on government and business as the Internet becomes an increasingly important aspect of our economy and society.
Privacy.org (English)
http://www.privacy.org
Privacy.org is a joint project of the EPIC (Electronic Privacy Information Center) and Privacy International. The site contains daily news, information, and initiatives on privacy.
TRUSTe (English)
http://www.truste.com
TRUSTe is an independent, non-profit privacy initiative dedicated to building users´ trust and confidence on the internet and accelerating growth of the internet industry. Its sponsors include large corporations like Microsoft and organizations like the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Información de Ambito de Norte América. Los Estados.
Canadá
Information and Privacy Commissioner (IPC) (English)http://www.ipc.on.ca
The IPC is an independent organization in Canada responsible for resolving appeals from refusals to provide access to information, investigating privacy complaints about information held by government organizations, and ensuring that the government organizations comply with the access and privacy provisions of the Canadian Personal Data Acts. It also educates the public about privacy laws, conducts research on access and privacy issues, and provides advice and comment on proposed government legislation and programs.
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal.
Resto del Mundo
Office of the Federal Privacy Commissioner, Australia (English)http://www.privacy.gov.au
Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, Hong Kong (PCO) (English, Chinese)
http://www.pco.org.hk
Office of the Privacy Commissioner, New Zeland (English)
http://www.privacy.org.nz
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal.
Ambito de América del Sur, Central y Caribe
Sociedad de la Información. Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal. Ambito de América del Sur, Central y Caribe.
Los Estados
Personal Data Protection (Spanish, English)http://www.protecciondedatos.com.ar
This website contains diverse information about the Protection of Personal Data in Argentina. This site provides the existing law, jurisprudence, specialized links, and information services about the last novelties and services related to data protection.
Sociedad de la Información.
Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital.
Información de Ambito Europeo
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital. Información de Ambito Europeo.
Unión Europea
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
Estados Miembros
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
España
Camerfirma (Spanish)http://www.camerfirma.com
Camerfirma is the digital certification authority for the Spanish Chambers of Commerce.
Electronic Certification Agency (ACE) (Spanish)
http://www.ace.es
A private company specilizing in Internet security projects and electronic certification.
National Factory of Currency and Stamps, Royal Currency House (Spanish)
http://www.cert.fnmt.es
Information on the User Certificate, a digital document that allows indentification on the Internet and the exchange of information with others, as well as secure transactions with the Public Administration on the Internet.
Spanish Notary (Spanish, English)
http://www.notariado.org
The Notariado Español is an association that brings together all Spanish notaries. These professionals exercise a public function by providing to the citizens a level of legal certainty in the area of non-court legal matters.
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital.
Información del Ambito de América del Sur y Central y el Caribe
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital. Información del Ambito de América del Sur y Central y el Caribe.
Los Estados
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital. Información del Ambito de América del Sur y Central y el Caribe. Los Estados.
Argentina
PKI - Digital Signature Infrastructure for the Public Sector (Spanish, English)http://www.pki.gov.ar
The Subsecretary of Public Administration of Argentina offers users a free Certificating Authority through which they can obtain their own digital certificate.
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital.
Resto del Mundo
Sociedad de la Información. Seguridad en Internet y Firma Digital. Resto del Mundo.
Malasia
Sociedad de la Información.
Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet.
Información de Ambito Europeo
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo.
Unión Europea
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
General
Association of Internet Hotline Providers in Europe (INHOPE) (Spanish, English, French, German)http://inhope.org
INHOPE is an association supported by the European Union whose members are providers of Internet hotline services dealing with illegal content on the Internet.
Safer Internet (English, French, German)
http://www.safeinternet.org.uk/
Safer Internet is a European Commission program that promotes safety on the Internet in the face of illegal, harmful, racist, and child sex exploitation content.
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
Estados Miembros
Cyber-Rights and Cyber-Liberties (English)A not-for-profit organization that fights for civil rights in connection with the Internet. It has a section on child pornography.
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Austria
ISPA Internet Hotline (English, German)http://www.stopline.at
Safer Internet is a Programme of the Association of Austrian Internet Providers that promotes safety on the Internet by fighting specifically against child pornography and neo-nazi content.
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
España
Protegeles Association (Spanish, English)http://www.protegeles.com
A not-for-profit association founded by OPTENET, a Spanish company providing filtering services in Internet, and ACPI (Action Against Child Pornography). Its goal is to fight against child pornography on the Internet by means of forwarding information received from third parties to the Security Forces and Departments of the Spanish state. It is associated with the INHOPE Association.
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Francia
Point of Contact Against Child Pornography and Racial Hatred (French)http://www.pointdecontact.net
Web site whose goal is to fight against illegal and harmful content on the Internet. It focuses primarily on child pornography and incitement to racism, and works through anonymous tips by third parties. Includes legislation.
Sociedad de la Información. Conductas y Contenidos Ilícitos y Nocivos en Internet.
Información de Ambito de Norte América
Business Software Alliance (English)http://www.bsa.org
The Business Software Alliance is a private organization that represents the world's commercial software industry before governments and in the international marketplace. BSA provides information on software management and copyright protection, cyber security, trade, e-commerce and other Internet-related issues. BSA members include Adobe, Apple, Autodesk, Avid, Bentley Systems, Borland, CNC Software/Mastercam, Internet Security Systems, Macromedia, Microsoft, Network Associates and Symantec. Includes links to many regional BSA web sites which appear in their local national languages.
Prevent-abuse-now.com (English)
http://www.prevent-abuse-now.com
A web page dedicated to prevent sexual abuse of minors. In the section "Offenses" there is a good deal of information about U.S. laws on this type of crimes, including those that are committed through the Internet.
Sociedad de la Información.
Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento.
Información de Ambito Europeo
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito Europeo.
Unión Europea
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
General
Cyber-Vote (English, French)http://www.eucybervote.org
Cyber-Vote, a research and development program financed by the European Commission, with additional financing from other businesses and organizations, is an innovative system of cyber-voting by means of Internet terminals and mobile telephones. Its goal is to demonstrate that the prototype of cyber-voting is quite safe using mobile and fixed Internet technologies.
Electronic-identity.org (English)
http://www.electronic-identity.org
Site supported by the Population Register Centre of Finland to provide resources to administer, support, and promote the "eEurope Smart Card" project, as part of the "eEurope" initiative financed by the European Union.
Telework (English)
http://www.telework.gov
This page offers many resources related to the topic of telework. It includes links to many national associations for the countries of Europe.
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea.
Estados Miembros
Platform Elektronisch Stemmen (Dutch)http://www.pels.net
Information on Internet voting.
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
España
Internet Administration, the Citizen Web Portal (Spanish)http://www.administracion.es
Web site of virtual meeting between the citizen and the Spanish Administration. It offers a great deal of information and provides services of the Public Administration, classified by subject and territory.
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Francia
Agency for Electronic Administration Development (French)http://www.adae.gouv.fr
This website intends to give an overview of the Electronic Administration Development. The object of this Agency is the modernization of the administration performance and to improve the solutions to the public necessities.
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Reino Unido
Centre for eGovernment (English)http://www.centre-for-egovernment.com
The Centre is a private for-profit company that provides an electronic forum which acts as a focus for e-government expertise and knowledge. They offer products and conferences, among other activities, in addition to extensive information and commentary.
e-Democracy (English)
http://www.e-democracy.org/uk/
e-Democracy is a site created by the British government to support the Government's consultation on e-democracy. Proposals and consultations can be made and there are links to ongoing discussions on e-democracy.
Electoral Reform Society of the U.K. (English)
http://www.electoral-reform.org.uk
The Electoral Reform Society is a membership organisation founded in 1884 which campaigns for improvements in democracy in the U.K., particularly through the use of better voting systems. Includes information on Internet voting.
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito Europeo. Unión Europea. Estados Miembros.
Suiza
Research Centre on Direct Democracy, University of Geneva (English, French, German)http://c2d.unige.ch
The C2D is dedicated to an interdisciplinary approach to the study of direct democracy. Created within the departement of constitutional Law at the University of Geneva, the C2D unites scholars and researchers from different backgrounds. News, documents, and commentaries.
Swiss Federal Government E-government Project (French, German, Italian)
http://www.bk.admin.ch/themen/egov/index.html?lang=de
Information on government services and voting on the Internet.
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento.
Información de Ambito de Norteamérica
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito de Norteamérica.
Los Estados
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento. Información de Ambito de Norteamérica. Los Estados.
Estados Unidos de América
E-Government Initiative of the U.S. President (English)http://www.egov.gov
Extensive information on the many initiatives within the U.S. government to offer Internet services, including the use of electronic signatures.
List of Resources on Internet Voting (English)
http://lorrie.cranor.org/voting/hotlist.html
Private page of a researcher for the laboratories of the A.T.&T. company. Contains many links to Internet voting resources.
Politicsonline (English)
http://www.politicsonline.com
Site of a private company that sells servicios for elections via Internet, including voting and fund raising. Much information and news.
Telework.gov (English)
http://www.telework.gov
Telework site of the Office of Personnel Management of the U.S. General Services office (U.S. federal government).
The Telework Coalition (English)
The Telework Coalition is a program supported by the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It offers free consulting and training services to organizations in the pilot regions (Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Washington DC) who enroll, and implement new or enhance existing telecommuting programs.
Verified Voting.org (English)
http://www.verifiedvoting.org
Page initiated by David Dill, professor of computer science at Stanford University (USA) to point out problems with electronic or Internet voting, suggest solutions, and foment citizen debate and action.
Sociedad de la Información. Teletrabajo, Ciber-Administración y Ciber-Procedimiento.
Información de Ambito de América del Sur y Central y Caribe
Votoseguro.org (Portuguese)http://www.votoseguro.org
Site on the dangers of Internet voting, focusing on Brazil.
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Last update: 28 - Marzo - 2009